🐍 Belajar Python

🎓 Latihan Interaktif dari Dasar hingga Mahir

Progress Belajar

Langkah 1Hello World & Variabel

Langkah 2List & Dict

Langkah 3Control Flow

Langkah 4Functions

Langkah 5Modules & PIP

Langkah 6Error Handling

Langkah 7OOP Dasar

Langkah 8Mini Project

Hello World & Variabel

Python
# Hello World
print("Halo, dunia!")
# Variabel
nama = "Dani"
usia = 25
is_mahasiswa = True
print(f"Nama: {nama}, Usia: {usia}")

💡 Konsep:

print() → menampilkan output

f-string → formatting seperti {variabel}

Tipe data: str (string), int (angka), bool (boolean)

List & Dict

List — Array Like, Ordered

Python
buah = ["apel", "pisang", "jeruk"]
print(buah[0])        # apel (index 0)
print(len(buah))        # 3
buah.append("mangga")  # tambah item
buah[1] = "pepaya"     # ubah item

Dict — Key Value

Python
siswa = {
"nama": "Budi",
"usia": 20,
"jurusan": "Informatika"
}
print(siswa["nama"])           # Budi
siswa["usia"] = 21             # ubah nilai
siswa["alamat"] = "Jakarta"    # tambah key

Control Flow

If / Elif / Else

Python
nilai = 85
if nilai >= 90:
grade = "A"
elif nilai >= 80:
grade = "B"
elif nilai >= 70:
grade = "C"
else:
grade = "D"
print(f"Grade: {grade}")

For Loop

Python
# range(start, end, step)
for i in range(5):
print(i)  # 0,1,2,3,4
# iterate list
buah = ["apel", "pisang", "jeruk"]
for f in buah:
print(f)
# enumerate (dapat index)
for i, f in enumerate(buah):
print(f"{i}: {f}")

While Loop

Python
x = 0
while x < 5:
print(x)
x += 1

Functions

Python
# Function Dasar
def salam():
print("Halo!")
salam()  # panggil function
# Function dengan parameter
def greet(nama):
print(f"Halo, {nama}!")
greet("Dani")
# Function dengan return
def tambah(a, b):
return a + b
hasil = tambah(3, 5)
print(hasil)  # 8
# Default parameter
def greet(nama="Teman"):
print(f"Halo, {nama}!")
greet()           # Halo, Teman!
greet("Budi")    # Halo, Budi!
# *args (banyak argument)
def total(*angka):
return sum(angka)
print(total(1,2,3,4,5))  # 15
# **kwargs
def info(**data):
for key, value in data.items():
print(f"{key}: {value}")
info(nama="Dani", usia=25)

Modules & PIP

Modules (Import dari File Lain)

Python
# file: mymodule.py
def greet(nama):
return f"Halo, {nama}!"
# di file lain:
import mymodule
print(mymodule.greet("Dani"))
from mymodule import greet
print(greet("Dani"))

PIP Commands

Terminal

pip install nama_package
pip install --upgrade nama_package
pip uninstall nama_package

Built-in Modules

Python
import math
print(math.sqrt(16))   # 4.0
print(math.pi)        # 3.14159...
import random
print(random.randint(1, 10))  # angka acak 1-10

Error Handling

Python
# Try/Except
try:
x = int("abc")
except ValueError:
print("Error: tidak bisa ubah ke angka")
# Dengan detail error
try:
x = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
print(f"Error: {e}")
# Try/Except/Else/Finally
try:
x = int("10")
except ValueError:
print("Gagal")
else:
print(f"Berhasil! x = {x}")
finally:
print("Selalu jalan")
# Raise custom error
def bagi(a, b):
if b == 0:
raise ValueError("Penyebut tidak boleh 0")
return a / b

OOP Dasar

Class & Object

Python
class Orang:
def __init__(self, nama, usia):
self.nama = nama
self.usia = usia
def salam(self):
print(f"Halo, saya {self.nama}")
orang1 = Orang("Dani", 25)
orang1.salam()

Inheritance

Python
class Orang:
def __init__(self, nama, usia):
self.nama = nama
self.usia = usia
def salam(self):
print(f"Halo, {self.nama}")
class Mahasiswa(Orang):
def __init__(self, nama, usia, nim):
super().__init__(nama, usia)
self.nim = nim
def salam(self):
print(f"Halo, {self.nama}, NIM: {self.nim}")
mhs = Mahasiswa("Budi", 20, "12345")
mhs.salam()